Description

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, which is essential for good vision. This damage is often caused by an abnormally high pressure in the eye. The increased intraocular pressure can lead to gradual loss of vision and, if left untreated, can eventually result in blindness. There are several types of glaucoma, but the two main categories are open-angle glaucoma and angle-closure glaucoma. Open-Angle Glaucoma: This is the most common form of glaucoma. The drainage angle between the cornea and the iris is open but the trabecular meshwork, through which the aqueous humor drains, becomes less efficient over time. This leads to an increase in intraocular pressure. Angle-Closure Glaucoma: In this type, the drainage angle between the cornea and the iris is narrowed or closed, preventing the normal outflow of aqueous humor. This can cause a sudden increase in intraocular pressure, leading to an acute attack. Angle-closure glaucoma is considered a medical emergency. Risk factors for glaucoma include age (it is more common in older adults), family history, race (African Americans are at a higher risk), certain medical conditions (such as diabetes), and prolonged use of corticosteroid medications. Symptoms of glaucoma can vary depending on the type and stage but may include gradual loss of peripheral vision, tunnel vision, eye pain, headache, and nausea (in the case of an acute angle-closure attack).